Siegecraft

The Siege:

When a historic megalopolis, like Istanbul, is in question, this may come to mean different things, both historical and contemporary. For Constantinople, “The Siege” was in 1453, shortly before the ultimate fall of Byzantium. Very well chronicled through eyewitness accounts (Frantzes and Barbaro), it was a grim period of roughly 50 days for the residents, entangled with complications in between Byzantines, Venetians and Genovese, and charged with the clash of opposite faith, the residents finally abandoned by their merciful god and doomed. The walls of the city are still mostly intact 1500 years after their construction and 550 years after the siege, and they still obstruct the view of the outside. In these terms, the occupier’s gaze is not reciprocal and for the ones under siege, the space of consolidation is under the dome of heavens. The huddled mass in Hagia Sophia the night before the city fell saw their final prayers melt into thin air without a reply.

Meanwhile, when a contemporary mega-city is in consideration, the siege comes to mean a territorial battle of a different order. For instance, Istanbul saw its population increased tenfold to 11 million in a mere 30 years since 1970’s, as manifest in a totally uncontrolled urban sprawl. The first wave of newcomers had fought their battle over the state owned land along the periphery and forcefully won their grasp of real estate. The second wave turned the inner city into slums, as to imitate the once industrial capitals of the world with a considerable delay. The third and the last phase also followed the well-known pattern of gentrification, a kind of eviction (or containing in) of the underdog in favor of the global and local elite. When the idea of the “truly urbane” is completely blurred, the battles of territorial claim in Istanbul are fought in a number of different fronts.

We have discussed in our previous projects that in between tradition and change, Istanbul leads a schizophrenic life of its own. While the city appears as an easy prey for the multinational capital, to be colonized as the scenic/historic/nostalgic site of international tourism and the global trade, the enterprise contradicts with the demands of local and feudal nodes of power. In between the corrupt state, the all-powerful military, the greedy venture capital, the local nationalist/mafioso organization, the Islamist mayors and other claimants of various caliber, big and small, the land is cannibalized. In a rather tight and claustrophobic space of the city, all involved parties have their own sphere of influence, a territorial/spatial claim somewhere in between a few square meters in front of the store or another floor on top of the apartment building, to the mega-hotel complexes built under purely illegal terms albeit under the auspices of the local government.

The Project:

It is no coincidence that the photographic part of the proposed archaeology concentrates around the land walls of the historic (Istanbul) and the modern city (New York, and part of Istanbul), whose limits enable a derelict buffer zone, and outside, the pillaging goes on. When the photographs from Istanbul offer a limited view of the derelict land and the reminiscence of the historic fall. They contrast with the cliché of the silhouettes attributed to Istanbul.

Comparative visual analysis (not social-scientific but an artistic one) provides us clues to engage with certain differences as well as similarities of the capitals of the two Empires. One can see these similarities as part of flow and accumulation of capital, which define the rise and the decline of these two dominant powers, based on the political/military/financial conditions. High rise financial buildings, shopping malls, theaters, chain restaurants follows the same architectural schemas as the new fortresses of 21st century.

As the security becomes the primary concern due to the recent events both in New York and Istanbul, militarization of urban life works with these new architectural layouts, in which security gates, cameras, guards, police, x-ray detectors become the primary parts. (Wall Street, for instance, is undergoing this kind of intense fortification, while the artworks from famous corporate/gallery artists are decorating this military activity within that large scale corporate setup)

The aim of our project is to observe the membranes of the transitional zones. Varied strata of the city show us that even when assuming the total control of the economic, political and military institutions over territory, there are always temporary spaces of neutrality. These spaces are defined by insecure yet active crowds who use these temporary zones. What interests us is the sedimentation of momentary existence of non-defined spaces.

With this respect, for us, there are crucial differences between the legal and legitimate boundaries of this type of temporarility. While legality is kept and controlled by the systems of law, which secure and protect the ownership of the land, active /progressive social forces define what is legitimate and what is not. For instance, a squat could be illegal according to the code of law , yet it might be totally legitimate for people who create temporary shelters for themselves (This is the basic human need after all). On the other hand corporate tactics to gain control over the territory could be legal (thanks to talented corporate lawyers), yet, for us, it should be considered as an unlegitimate game of capitalist democracy. That is why, with active public engagement , we need to re-define the territorial conditions (for truly civic understanding of democracy), and without falling into a nostalgic dream, we need to seek new possibilities within the impossible conditions.

When the urban land reclamation of Istanbul is considered, we are once more sure not to rely on the urban plans, land registers, building permits and other “enlisted/doctored” data of the official kind. Instead we focus on bits and pieces of property somehow let free to float in between the power struggles and territorial claims, waiting for their turn to be “developed”, and in the meantime lending themselves to a number of tasks.